Showing posts with label General Knowledge. Show all posts
Showing posts with label General Knowledge. Show all posts

Sunday, November 22, 2009

INDIAN LANGUAGES

INDIAN LANGUAGES

The languages spoken in India belong to the four main families of (a) Austric (Nishada), (b) Dravidian (Dravida), (c) Sino-Tibetan (Kirata), and (d) Indo-European (Aryan).

There are more than 180 languages spoken by different sections of India. Of these, 90 odd are spoken by less than 10,000 persons each and 20 odd languages together account for 97 per cent of the total population of the country. About a dozen major languages constitute the principal linguistic regions. These languages are Kashmiri, Punjabi, Hindi, Bangia, Assamese, Oriya, Gujarati, Marathi, Kannada, Telugu, Tamil and Malayalam. These twelve linguistic regions generally correspond with the states of the Indian Union. But the state boundaries do not always correspond with the linguistic boundaries. In fact, the linguistic bound­ary in itself is not a line but a zone of transition over which one language gradually loses its dominance and gives way to the other.

The four language families of India are discussed below.
1. Austric Family (Nishada) Spoken by 1.38 per cent of total Indian population, this family includes mainly tribal languages and dialects of the central tribal belt, Khasi and Jaintia hills of Meghalaya, and Nicobar islands in the Bay of Bengal. The Austric languages are spoken by 6.2 million people in India. The largest single group is that of Santhali speakers, who alone account for more than half of this total.

2. Sino-Tibetan Family (Kirata) T};\e languages and dialects of this group are spoken by the tribal groups of the north-east and of the Himalayan and sub-Himalayan region of the north and north-west, and account for 0.85 per cent of Indian population. Major languages of this group are Tibetan, Balti, Ladakhi, Lahuli, Sherpa, Sikkim Bhutia, Chamba, Kanauri, Lepcha of the Tibeto-Himalayan region; Aka, Dafla, Abor, Miri, Mishmi and Mishing of north-Assam or the Arunachal region; Bodo/Boro, Naga, Kachin, Kukichin, Manipuri, Garo, Tripuri, Mikir and Lushai of the Assam-Myanmarese branch.

3. Dravidian Family (Dravida) Of the total population of India, 20 per cent speak languages and dialects belong­ing to the Dravidian family. Languages of this family are concentrated in the plateau region and the adjoining coastal plains. Telugu is spoken in Andhra Pradesh; Tamil in Tamil Nadu; Kannada in Karnataka and Malayalam in Kerala. Some tribal groups also speak Dravidian languages like Gonds and Oraons. Some minor languages and dialects belonging to the Dravidian family are Tulu, Kurgi, Yerukala, Kui, Parji and Khond. The Dravidian languages are less diverse than the other language families of India. The major language groups such as Tamil, Telugu, Kahnada and Malayalam themselves account for more than 90 per cent of the total population of the Dravidian speakers.

4. Indo-Aryan Family (Aryan) Nearly 73 per cent of the Indian population speaks languages and dialects of this family. Although these languages are mainly concentrated in the plains of India, their domain extends over the peninsular plateau also, reaching as far south as the Konkan coast.

The central part of this region has Hindi as the principal language. Hindi is spoken by the majority of people in India. Hindi is spoken in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Rajasthan, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh and Delhi. A major concentration of the Urdu speakers is found in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka. Kachchhi and Sindhi are mainly concentrated in western India. Marathi is the most important language of the southern group of the Indo-Aryan family. The languages of the eastern group include Oriya, Bangia and Assamese. The languages of the central group are confined to Punjab, Rajasthan and Gujarat. The Himalayan and silb­Himalayan areas are inhabited by speakers of the various forms of Pahari and Nepali which belong to the 110rthern group of the Indo-Aryan languages.

India has 22 officially recognised languages. Hindi speaking people are numerically the largest in India. Bengali is the second largest linguistic unit followed by Telugu, as per the 2001 Census. (See" tabl'e for details).

LANGUAGE

LANGUAGE

Language is a form of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds that are understood by a group of people to have the same meaning. A collection of languages related to each other because of having a common ancestor is known as a language family. An individual language may have several dialects, i.e., forms spoken in different areas. According to linguists, languages can be classified into three basic types according to their structure. These are (a) mOl1osyllabic, where words aSSllme different meanings depending on their position in the sentence, as in Chinese, Vietnamese, Thai and Tibetan; (b)agglutinative, where prefixes and suffixes can alter words, as in Malay, Japanese and many African languages; and (c) inflexional, where flexibility marks the words and they
can be modified to give the required meaning, as in, English, French and other Indo-European languages in­cluding Urdu, Bengali and Hindi.
Indo-European languages are spoken by nearly half of the people in the world. To this group belong the Germanic, Romanic, Balto-Slavic and the Indo-Aryan branches. Sind­Tibetan is another language family. Basque is the only
language to survive in Europe from the period prior to the . Indo-European onslaught. Uralic and Altaic language fami­lies are also prevalent in Europe and Asia. Finnish and Hungarian are Uralic languages.
Africa has a large number of languages-as many as 1000. In the northern region Arabic is used. In the south linguists have classified the languages into three main families-Niger.-Congo, Khoisan and Nilo-Saharan.

Percentage of Child Population in the Age Group 0-6 to Total Population

Percentage of Child Population in the Age Group 0-6 to Total Population-

At the national level among all religions, the proportion of child population stands at 15.9 per cent in 2001 Census. Muslim population records the highest proportion of population in the age group 0-6 at 18.7 per cent followed by 'Other Religions and Persuasions' (18.0 per cent). The lowest proportion of population in this age group is seen among Jains at 10.6 per cent preceded by Sikhs at 12.8 per cent. In fact, barring the Muslims and 'Other Religions and Persuasions', remaining religious communities have returned lower proportion in this age group as compared to the national average.

RELIGIOUS GROUPS OF INDIA

RELIGIOUS GROUPS OF INDIA

According to Census 2001, at the national level, of 1028 million population, 828 million (80.5 per cent) have returned their religion as Hindus followed by 138 million (13.4 per cent) as Muslims and 24 million (2.3 per cent) Christians. 19 million (1.9 per cent) persons follow Sikh religion; 8 million; (0.8 per cent) are Buddhists and 4.2 million (0.4 per cent) are Jains as per the 2001 Census. In addition to these, 6.6 million belong to 'Other Religions and Persuasions' including tribal reli­gions which are not part of the six main religions stated above. About seven lakh (or 0.7 million) persons have not stated their religion.
The adjusted growth rate of Hindu population has come down from 22.8 per cent in 1981-91 to 20.0 per cent in 1991-2001. Similar trends are observed among Buddhists which declined from 36.0 per cent in 1981-1991 to 23.2 per cent during 1991-2001. If adjusted data is considered, the Muslim growth rate will decline from 32.9 per cent during 1981-91 to 29.3 per cent during 1991-2001, while for Christians it would increase from 17.0 per cent to 22.1 per cent during 1991-2001. In addition, Jain population also has registered growth rate of 26.0 per cent against very-low growth rate of 4.6 per cent during 1981-1991. Abnormally low population growth of Jains in the last decade appears to be an aberration when compared with the previous decades. Overall adjusted growth rate among the 'Other Religion and Persuasions' has been very high during 1991­2001 Census at 113.1 per cent followed by 'Religion Not Stated' (75.1 per cent). In brief, emergence of 'Other Religions and Persuasions' is one of the key findings of Census 2001.

The Parsi population deserves an exceptional but definite mention due to their very small numbers not only in India but also in the world. As per 2001 census the Parsi population in the country is 69,601 (33,949 males and 35,652 females) as against their population of 76,382 (37,736 males and 38,646 females) in the 1991 census. This is a clear visible but extremely unfortunate decline of a rich civilisation of Zoroastrians and its people. It is apparent from 2001 census results that urgent and drastic interventions are required by all concerned including possibly by the government and­ definitely the Parsi community leaders to ensure survival of Parsi population in India. Fertility improvement inno­vative initiatives rather than fertility control measures adopted by the community so far are possibly the need of the hour before it reaches a point of no return.

Religion

RELIGION

The origin of religion probably lay in the human response to environment and natural phenomena. A need was felt to propitiate spirits controlling the weather or the movements of animals. Many people still have such ani­mistic beliefs. Complex dogmatic religions grew up later. These included among their precepts correct modes of conduct.
Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Shinto, Christianity and Islam are major religions of the world. A brief survey of the origin and philosophy of major religions of the world has been given in the General Knowledge Review Section of the book. Christianity has the largest followers, followed by Islam, Hinduism, Bud­dhism, Tribalism or animism, atheism, Sikkism, Taoism, Judaism, Baha'esm, Confucianism, Jainism, Shintoism and Zoroastrianism in that order.

Saturday, November 21, 2009

Scheduled Tribes : Uttaranchal, Uttar Pradesh, West Bengal and other states

Uttaranchal
1. Bhotia
2. Buksa
3. Jannsari
4. Raji
5. Thar

Uttar Pradesh

(Most of these tribes are now in Uttaranchal.)
1. Bhotia
2. Buksa
3. Jannsari
4. Raji
.5. Tharu
6. Gond, Dhuria, Nayak, Ojha, Pathari, Raj Gond (in the districts of Mehrajganj, Sidharth Nagar, Basti, Gorarkhpur, Deoria, Mau, Azamgarh, Jonpur, Balia,
Gazipur, Varanasi, Mirzapur and Sonbhadra)
7. Kharwar, Khairwar (in the districtis of Deoria, Balia, Ghazipur, Varanasi and Sonbhadra)
8. Saharya (in the district of Lalitpur) 9. Parahiya (in the district of Sonbhadra)
10. Balga (in the district of Sonbhadra) 11. Pankha, Panika (in the districts of
Sonbhadra and Mirzapur)
12. Agariya (in the district of Sonbhadra) 13. Patari (in the district of Sonbhadra) 14. Chero (in the districts of Sonbhadra
and Varanasi)
15. Bhuiya, Bhuinya (in the district of
Sonbhadra)

West Bengal
1. Asur
2. Baiga
3. Bedia, Bediya
4. Bhumij
5. Bhutia, Sherpa, Toto, Dukpa, Kagatay,
Tibetan, Volmo
6. Birhor
7. Birjia
8. Chakma
9. Chero
10. Chik Baraik
11. Garo
12. Gond
13. Gorait
14. Hajang
15. Ho
16. Karmali
17. Kharwar
18. Khond
19. Kisan.
20. Kora
21. Korwa
22. Lepcha
23. Lodha, Kheria, Kharia
24. Lohara, Lohra
25. Magh
26. Mahali
27. Mahli
28. Mal Pahariya
29. Mech
30. Mru
31. Munda
32. Nagesia
33. Oraon
34. Parhaiya
35. Rabha
36. Santal
37. Sauria Paharia
38. Savar
39. Limbu (Subba)
40. Tamang


Andaman and Nlcobar Islands

1. Andamanese, Chariar, Chari, Kora, Tabo, Bo, Yere, Kede, Bea, Balawa, Bojigiyab, Juwai, Kol
2. Jarawas
3. Nicobarese
4. Onges
5. Sentinelese
6. Shom Pens
28. Dadra and Nagar Havel! 1. Dhodia
2. Dubla including Halpati
3. Kathodi
4. Kokna
5. Koli Dhor including Kolgha 6. Naikda or Nayaka
7. Varli
29. Daman and Diu 1. Dhodia
2. Dubla (Halpati) 3. Naikda (Talavia) 4. Siddi (Nayaka) 5. Varli
30. Lakshadweep
Throughout the Union Territory:
Inhabitants of the Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Islands who, and both of whose parents, were born in those islands.

Scheduled Tribes : Tamil NAdu & Tripura

Tamil Nadu
1. Adiyan
2. Aranadan
3. Eravallan
4. Irular
5. Kadar
6. Kammara (excluding Kanya-kumari
district and Shenkottah taluk of Tirunelveli district)
7. Kanikaran, Kanikkar (in Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah and Ambasamudram taluks of Tirunelveli district)
8. Kaniyan, Kanyan
9. Kattunayakan
10. Kochu Velan
11. Konda Kapus
12. Kondareddis
13. Koraga
14. Kota (excuding Kanyakumari district and Shenkottah taluk of Tirunelveli district)
15. Kudiva, Melakudi
16. Kurichchan
17. Kurimbas (in the Nilgiris district) 18. Kurumans
19. Maha Malasar
20. Malai Arayan
21. Malai Pandaram
22. Malai Vedan
23. Malakkuravan
24. Malasar
25. Malayali (in Dharmapuri, North Arcot,Pudukottai, Salem, South Arcot and Tiruchirapalli districts)
26. Malayekandi
27. Mannan
28. Mudugar, Muduvan
29. Muthuvan
30. Palleyan
31. Palliyan
32. Palliyar
33. Paniyan
34. Sholaga
.35. Toda (excluding Kanyakumari district and Shenkoltah taluk of Tirunelveli district)
36. Uraly

Trlpura

1. Bhil
2. Bhutia
3. Chaimal
4. Chakma
5. Gareo
6. Halam, Bengshel, Dub, Kaipeng, Kalai,
Karbong, Lengui, Mussum, Rupjni, Sukuchep, Thangchep
7. Jamatia
8. Khasia
9. Kuki, including the following sub-tribes:
(i) Balte
(iI) Belahut
(iii) Chhalya
(iv) Fun
(v) Hajango
(vi) Jangtei (vii) Khareng (viii) Khephong (ix) Kuntei
(x) Laifang
(xi) Lentei
(xii) Mizel
(xiii) Namte
(xiv) Paitu, Paite
(xv) Rangchan
(xvi) Rang~hole
(xvii) Thangluya
10. Lepcha
11. Lunshai
12. Mag
13. Munda, Kaur
14. Noatia, Musrashing
15. Orang
16. Riang
17. Santal
18. Tripura, Tripuri, Tippera
19. Uchai

Scheduled Tribes : Nagaland, Orissa, Rajasthan and Sikkim

Nagaland
1. Naga
2. Kuki
3. Kachari
4. Mikir
5. Garo

Orissa

1. Bagata, Bhakta
2. Baiga
3. Banjara, Banjari
4. Bathudi, Bathuri
5. Bhottada, Dhotada, Bhotra, Bhatra,
Bhattara, Bhotora, Bhatara
6. Bhuiya, Bhuyan
7. Bhumia
8. Bhumij, Teli Bhumij, Haladipokhria
Bhumij, Haladi Pokharia Bhumij, Desi Bhumij, Desia Bhumij, Tamaria Bhumij
9. Bhunjia
10. Binjhal, Bhinjhwar
11. Binjhia, Binjhoa
12. Birhor
13. Bondo Poraja, Bonda Paroja, Banda
Paroja
14. Chenchu
15. Dal
16. Desua Bhumij
17. Dharua, Dharuba, Dhurva
18. Didayi, Didai Paroja, Didai
19. Gadaba, Bodo Gadaba, Gutob Gadaba,
Kapu Gadaba, Ollara Gadaba, parenga Gadaba, Sano Gadaba
20. Gandia
21. Ghara
22. Gond, Gondo, Rajgond, Maria Gond,
Dhur Gond
23. Ho
24. Holva
25. Jatapu
26. Juang
27. Kandha Gauda
28. Kawar, Kanwar
29. Kharia, Kharian, Berga Kharia, Dhelki Kharia, Dudh Kharia, Erenga Kharia, Munda Kharia, Oraon Kharia, Khadia, Pahari Kharia
30. Kharwar
31. Khond, Kond, Kandha, Nanguli Kandha,
Sitha Kandha, Kondh, Kui, Buda Kondh, Bura Kandha, Desia Kandha, Dungaria Kondh, Kutia Kandha, Kandha Gauda,
Muli Kondh, Malua Kondh, pengo Kandha, Raj Kondh, Raj Khond
32. Kisan, Nagesar, Nagesia 33. Kol
34. Kolah Loharas, Kol Loharas 35. Kolha
36. Koli, Malhar
37. Kondadora
38. Kora, Khara, Khayara
39. Korua
40. Kotia
41. Koya, Gumba Koya, Koitur Koya, Kamar
Koya, Musara Koya
42. Kulis
43. Lodha, Nodh, Nodha, Lodh
44. Madia
45. Mahali
46. Mankidi
47. Mankirdia, Mankria, Mankidi
48. Matya, Matia
49. Mirdhas, Kuda, Koda
50. Munda, Munda Lohara, Munda Mahalis,
Nagabanshi Munda, Oriya Munda
51. Mundarl
52. Omanatya, Oman at yo, Amanatya 53. Oraon, Dhangar, Uran
54. parenga
55. Paroja, Parja, Bodo Pareja, Barong
Jhodia Paroja, Chhelia Paroja, Jhodia Pareja, Konda paroja, Paraja, Ponga Paroja, Sodia Paroja, Sano Paroja, Solia
Paroja
56. Pentia 57. Rajuar
58. Santal
59. Saora, Sayar, Saura, Sahara, Arsi
Saora, Based Saora, Bhima Saora, Bhimma Saora, Chumura Saora, Jara Sayar, Jadu Saora, Jati Saora, Juari Saora, Kampu Saora, Kampa Soura, Kapo Saora, Kindal Saora, Kumbi Kancher Saora, Kalapithia Saora, Kirat Saora, Lanjia Saora, Lamba Lanjia Saora, Luara Saora, Luar Saora, Laria Sayar, Malia Saora, Malia Saora, Uriya Saora, Raika Saora, Sudda Saora, Sarda Saora, Tankala Saora, Patre Saora, Vesu Saora
60. Shabar, Lodha
61. Sounti
62. Tharua, Tharua Bindhani

Rajasthan

1. Bhil, Bhil Garasia, Dholi Bhil, Gungri Bhil, Dungri Garasia, Mewasi Bhil, Rawal Bhil, Tadvi Bhil, Bhagalia, Bhilala, Pawra,
Vasava, Vasave
2. Bhil Mina
3. Damor, Damaria
4. Dhanka, Tadvi, Tetaria, Valvi
5. Garasia (excluding Rajput Garasia)
6. Kathodi, Katkari, Dhor Kathodi, Dhor
Katkari, Son Kathodi, Son Katkari
7. Kokna, Kokni, Kukna
8. Koli Dhor, Tokre Koli, Kolcha, Koigha 9. Mina
10. Naikda, Nayaka, Cholivala Nayaka, Kapadia Nayaka, Mota Nayaka, Nana Nayaka
11.. Patelia
12. Seharia, Sehria, Sahariya
21. Sikkim
1. Bhutia (including Chumbipa, Dopthapa,
Dukpa, Kagatey, Sherpa, Tibetan, Tromopa, Yolmo)
2. Lepcha
3. Limboo
4. Tamang

Scheduled Tribes : Meghalaya and Mizoram

Meghaiaya
1. Chakma
2. Dimasa, Kachari
3. Garo
4. Hajong
5. Hmar
6. Khasi, Jaintia, Synteng, Pnar, War,
Bhoi, Lyngngam
7. Any Kuki tribe including:
(i) Biate, Biete
(ii) Changsan
(Hi) Chongloi
(iv) Doungel
(v) Gamalhou
(vi) Gangte
(vii) Guite
(viii) Hanneng
(ix) Haokip, Haupit .
(x) Haolai
(xi) Hengna
(xii) Hongsungh
(xiii) Hrangkhwal, Rangkhol
(xiv) Jongbe
(xv) Khawchung
(xvi) Khawathlang, Khothalong
(xvii) Khelma
(xviii) Kholhou
(xix) Kipgen
(xx) Kuki
(xxi) Lengthang
(xxii) Lhangum
(xxiii) Lhoujem
(xxiv) Lhouvun
(xxv) Lupheng
(xxvi) Mangjel
(xxvii) Misao (xxviii) Raing
(xxix) Sairhem
(xxx) Selnam
(xxxi) Singson
(xxxii) Sitlhou
(xxxiii) Sukte
(xxxiv) Thado
(xxxv) Thangngen
(xxxvi) Uibuh
(xxxvii) Vaiphei
8. Lakher
9. Man (Tai-speaking)
10. Any Mizo (Lushai) tribe
11. Mikir
12. Any Naga tribes
13. Pawi
14. Synteng-Khotha
15. Boro-Kacharies (1987)
16. Koch
17. Raba, Rava

Mizoram
1. Chakma
2. Dimassa (Kachari)
3. Garo
4. Hajong
5. Hmar
6. Khasi and Jaintia (including KhasiSynten or Pnar, War, Bhoi or Lyngngam)
7. Any Kuki tribe including:
(i) Baite, Biete
(ii) Changsan
(iii) Chongloi
(iv) Doungel
(v) Gamalhou
(vi) Gangte
(vii) Guite)
(viii) Hanneng
(ix) Haokip, Haupit
(x) Haolai
(xi) Hengna
(xii) Hongsungh
(xiii) Hrangkhwal or Rangkhol
(xiv) Jongbe
(xv) Khawchung (xvi) Khawathlang (xvii) Khelma (xviii) Kholhou
(xix) Kipgen (xx) Kuki
(xxi) Lengthang
(xxii) Lhangum
(xxiii) Lhoujem (xxiv) Lhouvun (xxv) Lupheng (xxvi) Mangjel
(xxvii) Missao (xxviii) Raing
(xxix) Sairhem
(xxx) Selnam (xxxi) Singson
(xxxii) Sitlhou (xxxiii) Sukte (xxxiv) Thado (xxxv) Thangeu (xxxvi) Uibuh (xxxvii) Vaiphei

Scheduled Tribes : Maharashtra & Manipur

Maharashtra
1. Andh
2. Baiga
3. Barda
4. Bavacha, Bamcha
5. Bhaina
6. Bharia Bhumia, Bhuinhar Bhumia, Pando 7. Bhattra
8. Bhil, Bhil Garasia, Dholi Bhil, Dungri
Bhil, Dungri Garasia, Mewasi Bhil, Dungri Garasia, Mew Bhagalia, Bhilala, Pawra, Vasava, Vasave
9. Bhunjia
10. Binjhwar 11. Birhul Birhor
12. (Omitted)
13. Dhanka, Tadvi, Tetaria, Valvi
14. Dhanwar
15. Dhodia
16. Dubla, Talavia, Halpati
17. Gamit, Gamta, Gavit, Mavchi, Padvi
18. Gond Rajgond, Arakh, Arrakh, Agaria,
Asur, Badi Maria, Bada Maria, Bhatbla, Bhimma, Bhutta, KOilabhuta, Koilabhuti, Bhar, Bisonhorn Maria, Chota Maria, Dandami Maria, Dhuru, Dhurwa, Dhoba, Dhulia, Doria, Gaiki, Gatta, Gatti, Gaita, Gond Gowari, Hill Maria, Kandra, Kalanga, Khatola, Koitar, Koya, Khirwar, Khirwara, Kucha Maria, Kuchaki Maria, Madia, Maria Mana, Mannewar, Moghya, Mogia, Monghya, Mudia, Muria,
Nagarchi, Naikpod, Nagwanshi, Ojha, Raj, Sonjhari Jhareka, Thatia, Thotya, Wade Maria, Vade Maria
19. Halba, Halbi
20. Kamar
21. Kathodi, Katkari, Dhor Kathodi, Dhor
Kathkari, Son Kathodi, Son Katkari 22. Kawar, Kanwar, Kaur, Cherwa, Rathia,
Tanwar, Chattri .
23. Khairwar
24. Kharia
25. Kokna, Kokni, Kukna
26. Kol
27. Kolam, Mannervarlu
28. Koli Dhor, Tokre Koli, Kolcha, Koigha
29. Koli Mahadev, Dongar Koli
30. Koli Malhar
31. Kondh, Khond, Kandh
32. Korku, Bopchi, Mouasi, Nihal, Nahul,
Bondhi, Bondeya
33. Koya, Bhind Koya, Rajkoya
34. Nagesia, Nagasia
35. Naikda, Nayaka, Cholivala Nayaka,
Kapadia Nayaka, Mota Nayaka, Nana
Nayaka
36. Oraon, Dhangad
37. Pardhan, Pathari, Saroti
38. Pardhi; Advichincher, Phans Pardhi, Phanse Pardhi, Longoli Pardhi, Bahelia, Bahellia, Chita Pardhi, Shikari, Takankar, Takia
39. Parja
40. Patelia
41. Pomla
42. Rathawa
43. Sawar, Sawara
44. Thakur, Thakar, Ka Thakur, Ka Thakar,
Ma Thakur, Ma Thakar
45. (Omitted)
46. Varli
47. Vitolia, Kotwalia, Barodia

Manipur
1. Aimol
2. Anal
3. Angami
4. Chiru
5. Chothe
6. Gangte
7. Hmar 8. Kabui
9. Kacha Naga
10. Koirao
11. Koireng
12. Kom
13. Lamgang
14. Mao
15. Maram
16. Maring
17. Any Mizo (Lushai) tribes
18. Monsang
19. Moyon
20. Paite
21. Purum
22. Ralte
23. Serna 24. Simte 25. Suhte
26. Tangkhul
27. Thadou
28. Vaiphei
29. Zou
30. Poumal Naga
31. Tarao
32. Kharam
33. Any Kuki tribe

Scheduled Tribes: Kerala and Madhya Pradesh

Kerala

1. Adiyan
2. Aradan, Aranadan
3. Eravallan
4. Hill Pulaya, Mala Pulayan, Kurumba
, Pulayan, Karavazhi Pulayan, Pamba
Pulayan
5. Irular, Irulan
6. Kadar, Wayanad Kadar
7. (Omitted)
8. Kanikaran, Kanikkar
9. Kattunayakan
10. Kochu Velan
11. (Omitted)
12. (Omitted)
13. Koraga
14. (Omitted)
15. Kudiya, Melakudi
16. Kurichchan, Kurichiyan
17. Kurumans, Mullu Kuruman, Mulla
Kuruman, Mala Kuruman
18. Kurumbas, Kurumban, Kurumbar
19. Maha Malasar
20. Malai Arayan, Mala Arayan
21. Malai Pandaram
22. Malai Vedan, Malavedan
23. Malakkuravan
24. Malasar
25. Malayan, Nattu Malayan, Konga Ma­
layan (excluding the areas comprising the Kasargode, Kannur, Wayanad and
Kozhikode districts)
26. Malayarayar
27. Mannan
28. (Omitted)
29. Mathuvan, Mudugar, Madhuvan
30. Palleyan, Palliyan, Palliyar, Paliyan 31. (Omitted)
32. (Omitted)
33. Paniyan
34. Ulladan, Ullatan
35. Uraly
36. Mala Vettuvan (in Kasargode and
Kannur districts)
37. Ten Kurumban, Jenu Kurumban
38. Thachanadan, Thachanadan Moopan 39. Cholanaickan
40. Mavilan
41. Karimpalan'
42. Vetta Kuruman
43. Mala Panickar

Madhya Pradesh

1. Agariya
2. Andh
3. Baiga
4. Bhaina
5. Bharia Bhumia, Bhuinhar Bhumia,
Bhumiya, Bharia, Paliha, Pando
6. Bhattra
7. Bhil, Bhilala, Barela, Patelia
8. Bhil Mina
9. Bhunjia
10. Biar, Biyar
11. Binjhwar
12. Birhul, Birhor
13. Damon Damaria
14. Dhanwar
15. Gadaba, Gadba
16. Gond, Arakh, Arrakh, Agaria, Asur,
Badi Maria, Bada Maria, Bhatola, Bhimma, Bhuta, Koilabhuta, Kolalbhuta, Bhar, Bisonhom Maria, Chota Maria, Dandami Maria, Dhuru, Dhurwa, Dhoba, Dhulia, Doria, Gaiki, Gatta, Gatti, Gaita, Gond Gowari, Hill Maria, Kandra, Kalanga, Khatola, Koitar, Koya, Khirwara, Hirwara Kucha Maria, Kuchak Maria, Madia, Maria, Mana, Mannewar, Moghya, Mogia, Monghya Mudia Nuria, Nagarchi, Nagwanshi, Ojha, Raj, Sonjhari Jhareka, Thatia Th{>tya, Wade Maria Vadi Maria, Daroi
17. Halba, Halbi
18. Kamar
19. Karku
20. Kawar, Kanwar, Kaur, Cherwa, Rathia,
Tanwar, Chattri
21. (Omitted)
22. Khairwar, Kondar
23. Kharia
24. Kondh, Khond, Kandh
25. Kol
26. Kolam
27. Korku, Bopchi, Mouasi, Nihal, Nahul,
Bondhi, Bondeya
28. Korwa, Kodaku
29. Majhi
30. Majhwar
31. Mawasi
32. (Omitted)
33. Munda
34. Nagesia, Nagasia
35. Oraon, Khanka, Dhangad
36. Panika (in Chhatarpur, Datia, Panna,
Rewa, Satna, Shahdol, Sidhi and
Tikamgarh districts)
37. Pao
38. Pardhan, Pathari, Saroti
39. (Omitted)
40. Pardhi, Bahelia, Bahellia, Chita, Pardhi,
Langoli, Parthi, Phans Pardhi, Shikari, Takankar, Takia in (i) Chhindwara, Mandla, Dindori and Seoni districts, (ii) Baihar Tahsil of Balaghat District, (Hi) Betul, Bhainsdehi and Shahpur tahsils of Betul district, (iv) Patan tahsil and Sihora and Majholi blocks of JabalpUi district, (v) Katni (Murwara) and Vijaya Raghogarh tahsils and Bahoriband and Dhemerkheda blocks of Katni district, (vi) Hoshangabad, Babai, Sohagpur, Pipariya and Bankhedi tahsils and Kesla block of Hoshangabad district, (vii) Narsinghpur district, and ('liiii) Harsud
Tahsil of Khandwa district
41. Parja
42. Sahariya, Saharia, Seharia, Sehria,
Sosia, Sor
43. Saonta, Saunta
44. Saur
45. Sawar, Sawara
46. Som

Scheduled Tribes : Karnataka,

Karnataka
1. Adiyan
2. Barda
3. Bavacha, Bamcha
4. Bhil, Bhil Garasia, Dholi Bhil, Dungri Bhil, Dungri Garasia, Mewasi Bhil, Rawal Bhil, Tadvi Bhil, Bhagalia Bhilala, Pawra,Vasava, Vasave
5. Chenchu, Chenchwar
6. Chodhara
7. Dubla, Talavia, Halpati
8. Gamit, Gamta, Gavit, Mavchi, Padvi,Val vi
9. Gond, Naikpod, Rajgond
10. Gowdalu
11. Hakkipikki
12. Hasalaru
13. Irular
14. Iruliga
15. Jenu Kuruba
16. Kadu Kuruba
17. Kammara (in South Kanara district and Kollegal taluk of Mysore district)
18. Kaniyan, Kanyan (in Kollegal taluk of Mysore district)
19. Kathodi, Katkari, Dhor Kathodi, Dhor Katkari, Son Kathodi, Son Katkari
20. Kattunayakan
21. Kokna, Kokni, Kukna
22. Koli Dhor, Tokre Koli, Kolcha, Koigha 23. Konda Kapus
24. Koraga
25. Kota
26. Koyha, Bhine Koya, Rajkoya
27. Kudiva Melakudi
28. Kuruba (in Coorg district)
29. Kurumans
30. Maha Malasar
31. Malaikudi
32. Malasar
33. Malayekandi
34. Maleru
35. Maratha (in Coorg district)
36. Marati (in South Kanara district)
37. Meda, Medari, Gauriga, Burud
38. Naikda, Nayakla, Cholivala Nayaka, Kapadia Nayaka, Mota Nayaka, Nana Nayaka, Naik Nayak, Beda, Bedar,and Valmiki
39. Paliyan
40. Paniyan
41. Pardhi, Advichincher, Phanse Pardhi,
Haranshikari
42. Patelia
43. Rathawa
44. Sholaga
45. Soligaru
46. Toda
.47. Varli
48. Vitolia, Kotwalia, Barodia
49. Yerava
50. Siddi (in Uttar Kannada District)

Scheduled Tribes : Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir & Jharkhand

Himachal Pradesh
1. Bhot, Bodh
2. Gaddi
3. Gujjar
4. Jad, Lamba, Khampa
5. Kanaura, Kinnara
6. Lahaula
7. Pangwala
8. Swangla
9. Beta, Beda
10. Domba, Gara, Zoba

Jammu and Kashmir
1. Balti
2. Beda
3. Bot, Boto
4. Brokpa, Drokpa, Dard, Shin 5. Changpa
6. Garra
7. Mon
8. Purigpa
9. Gujjar
10. Bakarwal
11. Gaddi
12. Sippi

Jharkhand
1. Asur, Agaria
2. Baiga
3. Banjara
4. Bathudi
5. Bedia
6. Binjhia
7. Birhor
8. Bi~ia
9. Chero
10. Chik Baraik
11. Gond
12. Gorait
13. Ho
14. Karmali
15. Kharia, Dhelki Kharia, Dudh Kharia, Hill
Kharia
16. Kharwar
17. Khond
18. Kisan, Nagesia
19. Kora, Mudi-Kora
20. Korwa
21. Lohra
22. Mahli
23. Mal Pahariya, Kumarbhag Paharia
24. Munda, Patar
25. Oraon, Dhangar (Oraon)
26. Parhaiya
27. Santhal
28. Sauria Paharia
29. Sayar
30. Bhumji
31. Kawar
32. Kol

Scheduled Tribes : Goa and Gujrat

Goa
1. Dhodia
2. Dhuba (Haloati)
3. Naikda (Talavia)
4. Siddi (Nayaka)
5. Varli
6. Kunbi
7. Gawda
8. Velip

Gujarat
1. Barda
2. Bavacha, Bamcha
3. Bharwad (in the Nesses of the forests
of Alech, Barda and Gir)
4. Bhil, Bhil Garasia, Dholi, Bhil, Dungri Bhil, Dungri Garasia, Mewasi Bhil, Rewal Bhil, Tadvi Bhil, Bhagalia, Bhilala, Pawra, Vasava, Vasave
5. Charan (in the Nesses of the forests
of Alech Barda and Gir)
6. Chaudhri (in Surat and Valsad districts) 7. Chodhara
8. Dhanka, Tadvi, Tetaria, Valvi
9. Dhodia, Dhodi
10. Dubla, Talavia, Halpati
11. Gamit, Gamta, Gavit, Mavchi, Padvi 12. Gond, Rajgond
13. Kathodi, Katkari, Dhor Kathodi, Dhor
Katkari, Son Kathodi, Son Katkari
14. Kokna, Kokni, Kukna
15. (Omitted)
16. Koli Dhor, Tokre Koli, Kolcha, Koigha 17. Kunbi (in the Dangs district)
18. Naikda, Nayak, Cholivala Nayaka,
Kapadia Nayaka, Mota Nayaka, Nana
Nayaka
19. Padhar
20. (Omitted)
21. Pardhi, Advichincher, Phanse Pardhi(excluding Amreli, Bhavnagar, Jamnagar, Junagadh, Kutch, Rajkot and Surendranagar distdcts)
22. Patelia
23.. Pomla
24. Rabari (in the Nesses of the forests
of Alech, Barada and Gir)
25. Rathawa
26. Siddi (in Amreli, Bhavnagar, Jamnagar,Junagadh, Rajkot and Surendranagar
districts)
27. (Omitted)
28. Varli
29. Vitola, Kotwalia, Barodia

LIST OF NOTIFIED SCHEDULED TRIBES : Chhattisgarh

Chhattlsgarh
1. Agariya
2. Andh
3. Baiga
4. Bhaina '1t
5. Bharia Bhumia, Bhuinhar Bhumia,
Bhumiya, Bharia, Paliha, Pando
6. Bhattra
7. Bhil, Bhilala, Barela, Patelia 8. Bhil Mina
9. Bhunjia
10. Biar, Biyar
11. Binjhwar
12. Birhul, Birhor
13. Damor, Damaria
14. Dhanwar
15. Gadaba, Gadba
16. Gond, Arakh, Arrakh, Agaria Asur,
Badi Maria, Bada Maria, Bhatola, Bhimma, Bhuta, Koliabhuta, Koliabhuti, Bhar, Bisonhom Maria, Chota Maria, Dandami Maria, Dhuru, Dhurwa, Dhoba, Dhulia, Doria, Gaiki, Gatta, Gatti, Gaita, Gond Gowari, Hill Maria, Kandra, Kalanga, Khatola, Koitar, Koya, Khirwar, Khirwara, Kucha Maria, Kuchaki Maria,
Madia, Maria, Mana, Mannewar, Moghya, Mogia, Monghya, Mudia, Muria,
Nagarchi, Nagwanshi, Ojha, Raj Gond, Sonjhari 'Jhareka, Thatia, Thotya, Wade Maria, Vade Maria, Daroi
17. Halba, Halbi
18. Kamar
19. Karku
20. Kawar, Kanwar, Kaur, Cherwa, Rathia,
Tanwar, Chatri
21. Khairwar, Kondar
22. Kharia
23. Kondh, Khond, Kandh
24. Kol
25. Kolam
26. Korku, Bopchi, Mouasi, Nihar, Nahul,
Bondhi, Bondeya
27. Korwa, Kodaku
28. Majhi
29. Majhwar
30. Mawasi
31. Munda
32. Nagesia, Nagasia
33. Oraon, Dhanka, Dhangad
34. Pao
35. Pardhan, Pathari, Saroti
36. Pardhi, Bahelia, Bahellia, Chita Pardhi,
Langoli Pardhi, Phans Pardhi, Shikari, Takankar, Takia (In (i) Bastar, Dantewara, Kanker. Raigarh, Jashpumagar. Surguja and Koria dis­tricts, and (ii) Katghora, Pali, Kartala and Korba tahsils of Korba district, (iii) Bilaspur, Pendra, Kota and Takhatpur tahsils of Bilaspur district, (iv) Durg, Patan Gunderdehi, Dhamdha. Balod, Gurur and Dondilohara tahsils of Durg district, (v) Chowki, Manpur and Mohala Revenue Inspector Circles Of Rajnandgaon district, (vi) Mahasamund
Saraipali and Basna tahsils of Mahsamund district (vii) ~indra­Navagarh Rajim and Deobhog tahsils of Raipur district, and (viii) Dhamtari,
Kurud and Sihava tahsils of Dhamtari district)
37. Parja
38. Sahariya, Saharia, Seharia, Sehria,
Sosia, Sor
39. Saonta, Saunta
40. Saur
41. Sawar
42. Som

List of Notified Scheduled Tribes : Bihar

Bihar
1. Asur, Agaria
2. Baiga
3. Banjara
4. Bathudi
5. Bedia
6. (Omitted)
7. Binjhia
8. Birhor
9. Birijia
10. Chero
11. Chik Baraik
12. Gond
13. Gorait
14. Ho
15. Karmali
16. Kharia, Dhelki Kharia, Dudh Kharia, Hill
Kharia
17. Kharwar
18. Khond
19. Kisan, Nagesia
20. Kora, Mudi-Kora
21. Korwa
22. Lohara, Lohra
23. Mahli
24. Mal Paharia, Kumarbhag Paharia
25. Munda, Patar
26. Oraon, Dhangar (Oraon)
27. Parhaiya
28. Santal
29. Sauria Paharia
30. Savar
31. Kawar
32. Kof
33. Tharu

Friday, November 20, 2009

LIST OF NOTIFIED SCHEDULED TRIBES: Assam

Assam
I. In the autonomous districts:
1. Chakma
2. Dimasa, Kachari
3. Garo
4. Hajong
5. Hmar
6. Khasi, Jaintia, Synteng, Pnar, War,
. Bhoi, Lyngngam
7. Any Kuki tribe including:
(i) Biate, Blete
(Ii) Changsan
(iii) Chongloi
(iv) Doungel
(v) Gamalkhou
(vi) Gangte
(vii) Guite
(viii) Hanneng
(ix) Haokip, Haupit
(x) Hao/ai
(xi) Hengna
(xii) Hongsungh
(xiii) Hrangkhwal Rangkhol
(xiv) Jongbe .
(xv) Khawchung
(xvi) Khawathlang, Khothalong
(xvii) Khelma
(xviii) Kholhou
(xix) Kipgen
(xx) Kuki
(xxi) Lengthang
(xxii) Lhungum
(xxiii) Lhoujem
(xxiv) Lhouvun
(xxv) Lupheng
(xxvi) Mangiel
(xxvii) Misao
(xxviii) Riang
(xxix) Sairhem
(xxx) Selnam
(xxxi) Singson
(xxxii) Sitlhou
(xxxiii) Sukte
(xxxiv) Thado
(xxxv) Thangngeu
(xxxvi) Uibuh
(xxxvii) Vaiphei
8. Lakher
9. Man (Tai speaking)
10. Any Mizo (Lushai) tribe
11. Karbi
12. Any Naga tribes
13. Pawl
14. Syntheng
15. Lalung
II. In the state of Assam excluding the autonomous districts:
1. Barmans in Cachar
2. Boro, Borokachari
3. Deori
4. Hojai
5. Kachari, Sonwa/
6. Lalung
7. Mech
8. Miri
9. Rabha
10. Dimasa
11. Hajong
12. Singhpho
13. Khampti
14. Garo

LIST OF NOTIFIED SCHEDULED TRIBES : Arunachal Pradesh

Arunachal Pradesh

1. Abor
2. Aka
3. Apatani
4. Dafla
5. Galong
6. Khampti
7. Khowa
8. Mishmi, Idu Taroan 9. Momba
10. Any Naga tribe 11. Sherdukpen
12. Singpho
13. Hrusso
14. Tagin
15. Khamba
16. Adi

LIST OF NOTIFIED SCHEDULED TRIBES (As per 1991 Census)

Andhra Pradesh

1. Andh, Sadhu Andh
2. Bagata
3. Bhil
4. Chenchu
5. Gadabas, Bodo Gadaba, Gutob
Gadaba, Kallayi Gadaba, Parangi
Gadaba, Kathera Gadaba, Kapu
Gadaba
6. Gond, Naikpod, Rajgond, Koitur
7. Goudu (in the Agency tracts)
8. Hill Reddis
9. Jatapus
10. Kammara
11. Kattunayakan
12. Kolam, Kolawar
13. Konda Dhoras, Kubi
14. Konda Kapus
15. Kondareddis
16. Kondhs, Kodi, Kodhu, Desaya Kondhs,
Dongria Kondhs, Kuttiya Kondhs, Tikiria Kondhs, Yenity Kondhs, Kuvingas
17. Kotia, Bentho, OriJ(a, Bartika, Dulia, Hol~a, Sanrona, Sidhopaiko
18. Koya, Doli Koya, Gutta Koya, Kammara Koya, Musara Koya, Oddi Koya, Pattidi Koya, Goud, Rajah, Rasha, Lingadhari Koya (ordinary), Kottu Koya, Bhine Koya, Rajkoya
19. Kulia
20. Malis (excluding Adilabad, Hyderabad, Karimnagar, Khammam, Mahbubnagar,
Medak, Nalgonda, Nizamabad and
Warangal districts)
21. Manna Dhora
22. Mukha Dhora, Nooka Dhora
23. Nayaks (in the Agency tracts)
24. Pardhan
25. Porja, Parangiperja
26. Reddi Dhoras
27. Rona, Rena
28. Savaras, Kapu Savaras, Maliya
Savaras, Khutto Savaras
29. Sungalis, Lambadis, Banjara
30. Thoti . (in Adilabad, Hyderabad,Karimnagar, Khammam, Mahbubnfigar,
Medak, Nalgonda, Nizamabad and Warangal districts)
31. Valmiki (in the in the Scheduled areas of Vishakhapatnam, Srikakulam, Vijayanagram, East Godavari and West Godavari districts)
32. Yenadis, Chella Yenadi, Kappala Yenadi, Manchl Yenadi, Reddi Yenadi
33. Yerukulas, Koracha. Dabba Yerukula,Kunchapuri Yerukula, Uppu Yerukula
34. Nakkala, Kurvikaran
35. Dhulia, Paiko, Putiya (in the districts of Vishakhapatnam and Vijayanagaram)

SC and ST Population : 2001 Census

No. Union Territory Total Schedule Caste Schedule Tribe
Population Population/Percentage Population/Percentage


INDIA1 1,028,610 166,636 16.20 84,326 8.20
1. Jammu and Kashmir 10,144 770 7.59 1,106 10.90
2. Himachal Pradesh 6,078 1,502 24.72 245 4.02
3. Punjab 24,359 7,029 28.85 0 0.00
4. Chandigarh 901 158 17.50 0 0.00
5. Uttaranchal 8,489 1,517 17.87 256 3.02
6. Haryana 21,145 4,091 19.35 0 0.00
7. Delhi 13,851 2,343 16.92 0 0.00
8. Rajasthan 56,507 9,694 17.16 7,098 12.56
9. Uttar Pradesh 166,198 35,148 21.15 108 0.06
10. Bihar 82,999 13,049 15.72 758 0.91
11. Sikkim 541 27 5.02 111 20.60
12. Arunachal Pradesh 1,098 6 0.56 705 64.22
13. Nagaland 1,990 0 0.00 1,774 89.15
14. Manipur' 2,167 60 2.77 741 34.20
15. Mizoram 889 0 0.03 839 94.46
16. Tripura 3,199 556 17.37 993 31.05
17. Meghalaya 2,319 11 0.48 1,993 85.94
18. Assam 26,656 1,826 6.85 3,309 12.41
19. West Bengal 80,176 18,453 23.02 4,407 5.50
20. Jharkhand 26,946 3,189 11.84 7,087 26.30
21. Orissa 26,805 6,082 16.53 8,145 22.13
22. Chhattisgarh 20,834 2,419 11.61 6,617 31.76
23. Madhya Pradesh 60,348 9,155 15.17 12.233 20.27
24. Gujarat 50,671 3,593 7.09 7,481 14.76
25. Daman and Diu 158 5 3.06 14 8.85
26. Dadra and Nagar Haveli 220 4 1.86 137 62.24
27. Maharashtra 96,879 9,882 10.20 8,577 8.85
28. Andhra Pradesh 76,210 12,339 16.19 5,024 6.59
29. Karnataka 52,851 8,564 16.20 3,464 6.55
30. Goa 1,348 24 1.77 1 0.04
31. Lakshadweep 61 0 0.00 57 94.51
32. Kerala 31,841 3,124 9.81 364 1.14
33. Tamil Nadu 62,406 11,858 19.00 651 1.04
34. Pondicherry 974 158 16.19 0 0.00
35. Andaman and Nicobar
Islands 356 0 0.00 29 1.27